Abbreviations Used in References

Updated Jun 11/2008; To look for a non-book abbreviation or glossary entry, go to the Search form and follow instructions.

Common abbreviations: DSS (Dea Sea Scrolls); mss (manuscripts); NT (New Testament); OT (Old Testament/Tanach); ANE (Ancient New East). Books with an X: prefix are NOT in my library.

• [AAA] Atlas of Ancient Archaeology, Jacquetta Hawkes (ed), Barnes and Nobles: 1994.
• [AAF] Answering a Fundamentalist, Albert J. Nevins, M.M., Our Sunday Visitor Publishing:1990.
• [AB] Atlas of the Bible, John Rogerson, Facts on File: 1985.
• [ABC] Atlas of the Bible and Christianity, Tim Dowley (ed.), Baker:1997.
• [ABD] Anchor Bible Dictionary, David Noel Freedman (main ed.), DoubleDay:1992
• [ABH] Archeology and Bible History, Free and Vos, Zondervan:1992.
• [ABWT] Archaic Bookkeeping: Writing and Techniques of Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East, Hans Nissen / Peter Damerow / Robert Englund (trans. Paul Larsen), U.Chicago: 1993.
• [ACAEC] Early Civilizations: Ancient Egypt in Context, Bruce G. Trigger, American University in Cairo:1993.
• [ACCS:Mark] Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture. Thomas Oden and Christopher Hall (eds.). IVP:1998.
• [ACH] Atlas of Classical History, Michael Grant, Oxford: 1994.
• [AEC] The Archaeology of Early Christianity--A History, William Frend, Fortress:1996.
• [AEL1] Ancient Egyptian Literature (3 vols), Miriam Lichtheim, Univ of Cal:1973, 1976, 1980.
• [AEL2] Ancient Egyptian Literature (3 vols), Miriam Lichtheim, Univ of Cal:1973, 1976, 1980.
• [AEL3] Ancient Egyptian Literature (3 vols), Miriam Lichtheim, Univ of Cal:1973, 1976, 1980.
• [AHANE] Archeological History of the Ancient Near East, Jack Finegan, Barnes&Nobles:1979.
• [AHSG] Archaeology, History, and Society in Galilee--the Social Context of Jesus and the Rabbis, Richard A. Horsley, Trinity Press: 1996.
• [AI] Ancient Israel. de Vaux, Roland, McGraw-Hill, 1965.two vols.
• [AILCC] Ancient Israelite Literature in its Cultural Context, John H. Walton, Zondervan: 1989.
• [AL] Ancient Literacy, William V. Harris, Harvard:1989.
• [AM] Ancient Mesopotamia, Leo Oppenheim-completed by Erica Reiner, Univ.Chicago: 1977 (2nd ed).
• [ANET] Ancient Near Eastern Texts, Relating to the Old Testament, with supplement. James B. Pritchard. PrincetonUP:1969 (3rd ed)
• [ANL] Archeology and Langauge: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins, Colin Renfreq, Cambridge: 1987.
• [ANT] The Archeology of the New Testament-The Life of Jesus and the Beginnings of the Early Church, Jack Finegan, Princeton: 1992 (revised edition)
• [AOOT] Ancient Orient and Old Testament. Kitchen, K.A. ,Intervarsity Press, 1966.
• [AOTI] Approaches to Old Testament Interpretation (2nd ed), by John Goldingay, IVP:1990.
• [AP:CBW] Can a Bishop be Wrong?--Ten Scholars Challenge John Shelby Spong, Peter C. Moore (ed.), Morehouse:1998.
• [AP:IDFB] In Defense of the Faith: Biblical Answers to Challenging Questions, Dave Hunt, Harvest House:1996.
• [ART] Aspects of Rabbinic Theology, Solomon Schechter, Jewish Lights: 1909/1993.
• [ATNT] The Text of the New Testament, Aland and Aland, Eerdmans/EJ Brill: 1989 (2nd ed).
• [ATRD] As the Romans Did: A Sourcebook in Roman Social History, Jo-Ann Shelton, Oxford: 1988.
• [BABY] Babylon, Joan Oates, Thames and Hudson: 1986 (rev.ed.)
• [BAFCSALS] The Book of Acts in its First Century Setting: Ancient Literary Setting, Bruce Winter and Andrew Clarke (eds.), Eerdmans: 1993.
• [BAFCSDS] The Book of Acts in its First Century Settting: Diaspora Setting, by Irina Levinskaya, Eerdmans/Paternoster:1996 (vol 5 in the series)
• [BAFCSGR] The Book of Acts in its First Century Settting, vol 2: Graeco-Roman Setting, David W. Gill and Conrad Gempf, eds. Eerdmans: 1994.
• [BAFCSP] The Book of Acts in its First Century Setting: Vol 4--Palestinian Setting, ed. R. Bauchkham, Eerdmans: 1995, 526pp.
• [BAFCSPRC] The Book of Acts in its First Century Setting: Paul in Roman Custody, Brian Rapske, Eerdmans:1994.
• [BAM] Berossos and Manetho: Introduced and Translated--Native Traditions in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, Gerhard Verbrugghe and Wichersham, U.Mich: 1996.
• [BAW] Before Abraham Was: The Unity of Genesis 1-11, Kikawada and Quinn, Ignatius: 1985.
• [BBC] The Bible Background Commentary-NT. Keener, Craig. S. , IVP, 1993.
• [BCANON] The Canon of Scripture, F. F. Bruce, IVP: 1988.
• [BEALE] The Right Doctrine from the Wrong Texts, G. K. Beale (ed.), Baker:1994.
• [BEAP] Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period. Longenecker, Richard. , Eerdmans Publishing, 1975.
• [BEB] Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (electronic edition)
• [BFC] Beyond Form Criticism: Essays in Old Testament Literary Criticism, Paul R. House (ed.), Eisenbrauns: 1992.
• [BHDL] Biblical Hebrew and Discourse Linguistics, Robert D. Bergen (ed.), Summer Institute of Linguistics: 1994.
• [BIAI] Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel, Michael Fishbane, Oxford: 1985.
• [BKC] Bible Knowledge Commentary, Kenneth L. Barker, Eugene H. Merrill, and Dr. Stanley D. Toussaint (eds). Victory Books.
• [BLOM] The Historical Reliability of the Gospels by Craig Blomberg, IVP: 1987.
• [BLOM2] The Historical Reliability of the Gospels (2nd Ed). Craig Blomberg. IVP:2007.
• [BM] The Birth of the Messiah, by Raymond E. Brown, Doubleday: 1993.
• [BNTH] New Testament History. Bruce, F.F., Anchor, 1972.
• [BPM] Bandits, Prophets, and Messiahs: Popular Movements at the Time of Jesuss, Richard Horsley and John Hanson, Harper & Row: 1985.
• [BQI] Beyond the Q Impasse: Luke's Use of Matthew, Allan J. McNichol (ed), Trinity: 1996. (International Institute for Gospel Studies).
• [BREC] Books and Readers in the Early Church, Harry Y. Gamble, Yale: 1995
• [BSNT] Behind the Scenes of the New Testament, Barnett, IVP: 1990.
• [BTE] The Bauer Thesis Examined: The Geography of Heresy in the Early Christian Church, T.A. Robinson, Edwin Mellen: 1988.
• [BTM] Before the Muses--An Anthology of Akkadian Literature (2 vols), Benjamin R. Foster, CDL Press:1996.
• [BTT] The Trinity, Edward Henry Bickersteth, Kregel: 1994. Reprint of 19th century work.
• [BVS] The Bible, Violence, and The Sacred: Liberation from the Myth of Sanctioned Violence, James G. Williams, HarperCollins: 1991.
• [CAE] Constantine and Eusebius, Timothy D. Barnes, Harvard: 1981.
• [CAM] Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East, Michael Roaf, Facts of File: 1990.
• [CAP] Christianity and Paganism, 350-750, J. N. Hillgarth (ed.), Univ of Penn Press: 1986.
• [CASA] Cambridge Annotated Study Apocrypha, Howard Clark Kee (ed.), Cambridge: 1989.
• [CBGR] Civilization before Greece and Rome, H.W.F. Saggs, Yale:1989.
• [CER] The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, John Hale, Simon and Schuster: 1993.
• [CFMH] The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography, Arnaldo Momigliano, U of Ca: 1990.
• [CH:DECB] A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs, David W. Bercot (ed), Hendrickson:1998.
• [CH:JCW] John Calvin and the Will: A Critique and Corrective, Dewey J. Hoitenga, Jr., Baker:1997.
• [ChRE] Chronicle of the Roman Emperors, Chris Scarre, Thames and Hudson: 1995.
• [CKC] Chronos, Kairos, Christos: Nativity and Chronological Studies Presented to Jack Finegan, Jerry Vardaman and Edwin Yamauchi, eds. Eisenbrauns:1989.
• [CKC2] Chronos, Kairos, Christos II, E. Jerry Vardaman (ed), Mercer UPress: 1998.
• [CMM] An Introduction to the New Testament. Carson, D.A.; Moo, Douglas; and Morris, Leon. , Zondervan, 1992.
• [CMM2] An Introduction to the New Testament (2nd Ed). DA Carson and Douglas Moo. Zondervan:2005.
• [COMFORT] Quest for the Original Text of the New Testament by Philip Wesley Comfort, Baker: 1992.
• [COTTD] Celsus On the True Doctrine: A Discourse Against the Christians, trans. R. Joseph Hoffman, Oxford: 1987.
• [COWA1] Chronologies in Old World Archaeology (2 vols), Robert W. Ehrich (ed)., Univ of Chicago: 1992.
• [COWA2] Chronologies in Old World Archaeology (2 vols), Robert W. Ehrich (ed)., Univ of Chicago: 1992.
• [CP] The Chronicle of the Pharoahs, Peter A Clayton, Thames and Hudson:1994
• [CR:NLBC] The Natural Limits to Biological Change, Lester & Bohlin, Probe Books: 1989.
• [CRCST] Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian & Secular Tradition, George A. Kennedy, Univ. of N.Carolina: 1980.
• [CRE] Christianizing the Roman Empire A.D. 100-400, Ramsay MacMullen, Yale:1984.
• [CRJ] Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism: A Parallel History of Their Origins and Early Development, Hershel Shanks (ed.), Biblical Archeology Society: 1992.
• [CRST] The Christians as the Romans Saw Them, Robert Wilken, Yale: 1984.
• [Crux] Crucifixion, Martin Hengel, Fortress: 1977.
• [CS:AM] Animal Minds. Griffin, Donald R., Univ of Chicago, 1992.
• [CS:APFC] A Place for Consciousness: Probing the Deep Structure of the Natural World. Gregg Rosenberg. OxfordUP:2004.
• [CS:AWU] Are We Unique?, James Trefil, Wiley:1997.
• [CS:BO] Beyond Ourselves: Second-person issues in the study of consciousness. Evan Thompson (ed). ImprintAcademic:2001.
• [CS:BR] Brain Repair, Stein, Brailowsky, and Will, Oxford: 1995.
• [CS:CCS] The Chemistry of Conscious States: How the Brain changes its Mind by J. Allan Hobson. Little/Brown: 1994,292pp.
• [CS:CD] Cognitive Development (3rd ed), by J. H. Flavell, P.H. Miller, and S. A. Miller, Prentice Hall:1993.
• [CS:CE] Conscious Experience, Thomas Metzinger (ed.), Schoningh: 1995.
• [CS:CEden] Consciousness Explained by Daniel C. Dennett. BackBay Books: 1991, 500pp.
• [CS:CHC] The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness. Philip David Zelazo, Morris Moscovitch, and Evan Thompson (eds). CambridgeUP:2007.
• [CS:CMSM] Cognitive Models and Spiritual Maps. Jensine Andresen and Robert Forman (eds). ImprintAcademic:2000
• [CS:CPL] Cognition, Perception, and Language, Volume 2, Handbook of Child Psychology, 5thEd. Damon, Kuhn, Siegler (eds). Wiley:2000.
• [CS:CRA] Consciousness Research Abstracts, Imprint Academic.
• [CS:CRM] Children's Reasoning and the Mind. Peter Mitchell. PsychologyPress:2001.
• [CS:CT] Children's Thinking, 4thEd. Robert Siegler and Martha Alibali. PrenticeHall:2004.
• [CS:DEERHB] Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain by Antonio Damasio. Grosset/Putnam: 1994,310+pp.
• [CS:DM] Deconstructing the Mind, Stephen P. Stich, Oxford: 1996.
• [CS:DPSOBB] Dynamic Patterns: The Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior by Scott Kelso. Bradford (MIT), 1995.
• [CS:EL] Goodbye, Descatres: The End of Logic and the Search for a New Cosmology of the Mind. Keith Devlin. John Wiley: 1997.
• [CS:ESSSC] Essential Sources in the Scientific Study of Consciousness. Baars, Banks, Newman (eds). MIT:2003.
• [CS:EVM] Evolving the Mind: On the Nature of Matter and the Origin of Consciousness, A.G. Cairns-Smith, Cambridge: 1996.
• [CS:HBT] How Brains Think, William H. Calvin, BasicBooks:1996.
• [CS:HSCB] How the Self Controls its Brain, John C. Eccles, Springer-Verlag: 1994.
• [CS:ICW] The Illusion of Conscious Will. Daniel Wegner. MIT:2002.
• [CS:IOSD] Immortality: The Other Side of Death, Gary Habermas and J.P. Moreland, Nelson:1992.
• [CS:ISS] In Search of the Soul: Four Views on the Mind-Body Problem. Joel Green and Stuart Palmer (eds). IVP:2005.
• [CS:JCM] Journeys to the Centers of the Mind--Toward a Science of Consciousness, Susan Greenfield, Freeman: 1995.
• [CS:JCSxx] The Journal of Consciousness Studies, cited by vol:issue, pps.
• [CS:KOM] Kinds of Minds: Towards and Understanding of Consciousness, Daniel Dennett, Basic Books/Harper: 1996.
• [CS:MBB] Memory, Brain, and Belief. Daniel Schacter and Elaine Scarry (eds). Harvard:2000.
• [CS:MCM] Minds, Causes, and Mechanisms: A Case Against Physicalism. Josep E. Corbi and Josep L. Prades. Blackwell: 2000.
• [CS:MD] Memory Distortion: How Minds, Brains, and Societies Reconstruct the Past. Daniel Schacter (ed). Harvard:1995.
• [CS:MI] The Making of Intelligence. Ken Richardson. Columbia:2000.
• [CS:MMQM] Mind, Matter, and Quantum Mechanics, Henry P. Stapp, Springer-Verlag: 1993, 248pp.
• [CS:MR] Mind Regained. Edward Pols. Cornell:1998.
• [CS:NBNG] Neither Brain nor Ghost: A Nondualist Alternative to the Mind-Brain Identity Theory. W Teed Rockwell. BradfordMIT:2005.
• [CS:OOSSE] The Origins of Order: Self-organization and Selection in Evolution, S. A. Kauffman, Oxford: 1993.
• [CS:P] Perception, 5thEd. Randolph Blake and Robert Sekuler. McGrawHill:2005.
• [CS:PBP] Pseudoscience in Biological Psychiatry: Blaming the Body. Colin Ross and Alvin Pam. WileyInterscience:1995.
• [CS:PC4V] Psychology and Christianity: Four Views. Eric L Johnson and Stanton L Jones (eds). IVP:2000.
• [CS:PMC] Physicalism and Mental Causation: The Metaphysics of Mind and Action. Sven Walter and Heinz-Dieter Heckmann (eds). ImprintAcademic:2003.
• [CS:PSS] Pain: The Science of Suffering. Patrick Wall. Columbia:2000.
• [CS:PSYLIN] Psycholinguistics by Michael Garman. Cambridge: 1990, 500+pp.
• [CS:PTEF] Psychology through the Eyes of Faith. David Myers & Malcolm Jeeves. Harper/Collins:1987.
• [CS:SAC] Scientific Approaches to Consciousness, J. D. Cohen and J. W. Schooler (eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Asso: 1997 (Carnegie Mellon Symposia on Cognition).
• [CS:SAPgold] Sensation and Perception, 6thEd. E Bruce Goldstein. Wadsworth:2002.
• [CS:SAPwolfe] Sensation & Perception. Wolfe, Kluender, Levi, Bartoshuk, Herz, Klatzky, and Lederman. Sinauer:2006.
• [CS:SCUR] Science, Consciousness, and Ultimate Reality. David Lorimer (ed). ImprintAcademic:2004.
• [CS:SMpen] Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing of Science of Consciousness by Roger Penrose. Oxford: 1994,450+pp.
• [CS:SS] The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of language and the brain, Terrance W. Deacon, Norton:1997.
• [CS:SSM] The Seven Sins of Memory--How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. Daniel L. Schacter. Houghton/Mifflin:2001.
• [CS:TCM] The Conscious Mind--In search of a Fundamental Theory, David J. Chalmers, Oxford:1996.
• [CS:TCN] The Cognitive Neurosciences ed. by Michael Gazzaniga. MIT: 1995, 1447pp.
• [CS:TEB] The Emotional Brain, Joseph LeDoux, Simon & Schuster:1996.
• [CS:TIC] Thinking in Complexity, K. Mainzer, Springer-Verlag: 1994.
• [CS:TMB] The Modular Brain by Richard Restak. Scribners, 1994.
• [CS:TMTB] The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force. Jeffrey Schwartz and Sharon Begley. RegenBooks/HarperCollins:2002.
• [CS:TNM] The Nature of Mind by David M. Rosenthal. Oxford: 1991, 642pp.
• [CS:TOM] Theories of the Mind. Priest, Stephen, Houghton-Mifflin, 1991.
• [CS:TPC] Ten Problems of Consciousness--A Representational Theory of the Phenomenal Mind, Michael Tye, MIT/Bradford: 1995.
• [CS:TRM] The Rediscovery of the Mind by John Searle. MIT: 1992, 270pp.
• [CS:TSB] The Spiritual Brain: A Neuroscientist's Case for the Existence of the Soul. Mario Beauregard and Denyse O'Leary. Harper:2007.
• [CS:TSC] Toward a Science of Consciousness, Hameroff/Kaszniak/Scott (eds.), Bradford/MIT: 1996.
• [CS:TSOC] The Science of Consciousness, Max Velmans (eds.), Routledge:1996.
• [CS:TSP] The Story of Psychology by Moron Hunt. Anchor: 1993, 760pp.
• [CS:TVB] The Volitional Brain: Towards a Neuroscience of Free Will. Benjamin Libet, Anthony Freeman and Keith Sutherland (eds). ImprintAcademic:1999.
• [CS:UM] The Undiscovered Mind: How the Human Brain Defies Replication, Medication, and Explanation. John Horgan. The Free Press:1999.
• [CS:WEW] When Elephants Weep: The Emotional Lives of Animals. Jeffrey Masson and Susan McCarthy. Dell:1995.
• [CS:WGWGA] Why God Won't Go Away: Brain Science and the Biology of Belief. Andrew Newburg, E. D'Aguili, and V. Rause. Ballantine:2001.
• [CS:WIK] What Infants Know: The New Cognitive Science of Early Development, by Jacques Mehler and Emmanuel Dupoux (trans. Patsy Southgate), Blackwell:1990/1994(tr).
• [CS] Caesars and Saints--The Rise of the Christian State, Stewart Perowne, Barnes&Nobles: 1962.
• [CSSG] Cynic Sage or Son of God?, Gregory Boyd, Bridgepoint: 1995.
• [CTEC] The Early Church, Henry Chadwick, Penguin: 1993 (2nd rev).
• [CTM] Christianity in Talmud and Midrash, R. Travers Herford, KTAV: 1903.
• [DABL] Discourse Analysis of Biblical Literature, Walter Bodine (ed.), Scholars Press: 1995.
• [Daube] The New Testament and Rabbinic Judaism, David Daube, Hendrickson:1956 (reprint).
• [DAW] Discipleship in the Ancient World and the Gospel of Matthew, Michael J. Wilkins, Baker: 1995 (2nd rev of original by Brill: 1988).
• [DDD] Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, Pieter W. van der Horst (eds.). Brill:1995.
• [DGNT] The Defense of the Gospel in the New Testament, F.F. Bruce, Eerdmans: 1977 (2nd ed.).
• [DJE] Did Jesus Exist?, G. A. Wells, Pemberton:1986 (rev. ed.)
• [DJEC] The Death of Jesus in Early Christianity, John Carroll ad Joel Green, Hendrickson: 1995.
• [DLIOT] An Introduction to the Old Testament, Dillard and Longman III, Zondervan: 1994.
• [DM] The Death of the Messiah, Raymond E. Brown, Doubleday: 1994, 2 vols.
• [DNTT] : Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Colin Brown, eds. Zond.
• [DSCH] The Dark Side of Christian History, Helen Ellerbe, MorningStar: 1995.
• [DSG] Documents for the Study of the Gospels, Cartlidge and Dungan (eds.), Fortress: 1994 (2nd ed).
• [DSIG] Difficult Sayings in the Gospels: Jesus' Use of Overstatement and Hyperbole., Robert H. Stein. Baker: 1985.
• [DSSMTOT] Dead Sea Scrolls & Modern Translations of the Old Testament, Harold Scanlin, Tyndale:1993.
• [DSST] The Dead Sea Scrolls Today, James VanderKam, Eerdmans:1994.
• [DSSTQTE] The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English, Florentino Martinez, Brill: 1996 (2nd ed.).
• [DTX] A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, Marcus Jastrow, Judaica Press: 1971. (of Hebrew/Aramaic)
• [EAL] Egypt, the Aegen, and the Levant: Interconnections in the Second Millennium BC, W. Vivian Davies and Louise Schofield (eds.), British Museum Press:1995.
• [EAMH] Essays in Ancient and Modern Historiography, Arnaldo Momigliano, Wesleyan: 1975.
• [EBC] The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Gaebelein, Frank E., ed., Vol I. Zondervan, 1979.
• [EBD] Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties, Gleason L. Archer, Zondervan: 1982.
• [EBE] Encyclopedia Britannica (Electronic edition on CD).
• [EBI] Early Biblical Interpretation, Kugel and Greer, Westminster:
• [EBLA0] Ebla: A New Look at History, Giovanni Pettinato, John Hopkins:1991.
• [EBLA1] Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language (Vol 1), Gordon/Rendsburg/Winter (eds.), Eisenbrauns: 1987.
• [EBLA2] Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language (Vol 2), Gordon/Rendsburg (eds.), Eisenbrauns: 1990.
• [EBLA3] Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language (Vol 3), Gordon/Rendsburg/Winter (eds.), Eisenbrauns: 1992.
• [EBLA4] Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language (Vol 4), Gordon/Rendsburg (eds.), Eisenbrauns: 2002.
• [ECB] Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. James DG Dunn and John Robertson (eds). Eerdmans:2003. (1 vol).
• [ECH] The Earliest Christian Heretics: Readings from their Opponents, eds. Arland Hultgren and Stgeven Haggmark, Fortress: 1996.
• [ECIAT] Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times, Donald B. Redford, Princeton:1992.
• [EDNT] Exegetical Dict. of the NT (Balz and Schneider)
• [EE] Easter Enigma--Are the Resurrection accounts in conflict? 2nd. ed., John Wenham, Baker: 1992.
• [EEE] Prophecy and Hermeneutic in Early Christianity. E.E. Ellis, Eerdmans, 1978.
• [EFT] The Evidence for Jesus, James D.G. Dunn, Westminster: 1985.
• [EGG] Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, George Hart, Routledge:1986.
• [EHANE] The Early History of the Ancient Near East: 9000-2000 B.C., Hans J. Nissen, Univ.Chicago: 1988.
• [EHHC] Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity, ed. Tom Dowley, Eerd: 1977.
• [EJ] The Evidence for Jesus, R.T. France, Hodder and Stoughton: 1986.
• [EMMT] Early Manuscripts & Modern Translations of the New Testament, Philip Comfort, Tyndale: 1990.
• [EncyGenocide] Encyclopedia of Genocide (2 vols). Israel W Charny (ed). ABC-CLIO:1999.
• [EncyMID] Encyclopedia of Midrash: Biblical Interpretation in Formative Judaism (2 ols). Neusner & Peck (eds). Brill:2005.
• [EPIANE] Essential Papers on Israel and the Ancient Near East, Frederick Greenspahn, ed. NYU: 1991.
• [EPMM] Essential Papers on Messianic Movements and Personalities in Jewish History, Marc Saperstein, ed. New York Univ: 1992.
• [FBI] Foundations for Biblical Interpretation, Dockery, Mathews, Sloan (eds.), Broadman&Holman: 1994.
• [FCBC] The Formation of the Christian Biblical Canon, Lee M. McDonald, Hendrickson:1995 (revised ed.)
• [FJC] From Jesus to Christ, Paula Fredriksen, Yale:1988.
• [FMM] From the Maccabees to the Mishnah, Cohen, Westminster: 1987.
• [FRC] The Rise of Christianity by W.H.C. Frend, Fortress: 1984. pp1022.
• [FTT] From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple & Rabbinic Judaism, Lawrence H. Schiffman, KTAV:1991.
• [FUC] The First Urban Christians, Wayne A. Meeks, Yale:1983.
• [GAG] The Gospel and the Gospels, Peter Stuhlmacher, ed. Eerdmans: 1991.
• [GAJ] The Gospels and Jesus by Graham Stanton. Oxford, 1989.
• [GAJ2] The Gospels and Jesus (2nd ed). Graham Stanton. Oxford:2002
• [GANE] The Ancient Near EastCyrus H. Gordon, Norton: 1965.
• [GASC] Greek Apologists of the Second Century, Robert M. Grant, Westminster: 1988.
• [GASCT] God at Sinai: Covenant and Theophany in the Bible and Ancient Near East, by Jeffrey J. Niehaus, Zondervan:1995.
• [GBX] The Great Books series [Multi-volumes]
• [GLA] The Galilee in Late Antiquity, Lee Levine (ed.), Jewish Theological Seminary of America: 1992.
• [GNT] Gnosticism and the New Testament, by Pheme Perkins, Fortress: 1993.
• [GNTI] New Testament Introduction. Guthrie, Donald., Intervarsity Press, 1970.
• [GNTT] New Testament Theology. Guthrie, Donald., Intervarsity Press, 1981.
• [GP] The Gnostic Paul--Gnostic Exegesis on the Pauline Letters, Elaine Pagels, Trinity Press: 1975
• [GP1] Gospel Perspectives, volumes I, II, III. Edited by R.T. France and David Wenham. JSOT: 1980-1983.
• [GP2] Gospel Perspectives, volumes I, II, III. Edited by R.T. France and David Wenham. JSOT: 1980-1983
• [GP3] Gospel Perspectives, volumes I, II, III. Edited by R.T. France and David Wenham. JSOT: 1980-1983
• [GP5new] Gospel Perspectives: The Jesus Tradition Outside the Gospels (vol 5). David Wenham (ed). Wipf/Stock:1984..
• [GPX] Gospel Parallels, Burton Throckmorton, Nelson: 1992 (5th ed.)
• [GRH] Greek and Roman Historians--Information and Misinformation, Michael Grant, Routledge: 1995.
• [GS] The Gnostic Scriptures, trans. and annots. by Bentley Layton, Doubleday: 1987.
• [GTQ] Gospel Truth? by Graham Stanton, Trinity Press: 1995.
• [HAD] The Historian and Detective: Essays on Evidence, Robin W. Winks (ed.), Harper: 1969.
• [HALOT] Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Koeher, Baumgartner, and Stamm. Brill.
• [HAME] Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe, Edward Peters (ed.), Univ. of Penn: 1980.
• [HAMM] Historigraphy--Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Ernst Breisach, Univ.Chicago: 1994 (2nd ed).
• [HAP] The History of Ancient Palestine by G.W. Ahlstrom. Fortress: 1993, 990pp.
• [HAWH] The Harper Atlas of World History , Pierre Vidal-Naquet (ed.), Harper: 1992 (rev. ed.)
• [HCNT] Hellenistic Commentary to the New Testament, Boring, Berger, Colpe (eds.), Abingdon:1995.
• [HCSB] HarperCollins Study Bible with Apocrypha, Wayne Meeks (gen. ed.) with Society of Biblical Lit., HarperCollins: 1993.
• [HDT] Hittite Diplomatic Texts, Gary Beckman, Scholars Press:1996.
• [HEA] A History of Education in Antiquity, H. I. Marrou, Univ.Wisconsin: 1956.
• [Hermeneia] Hermeneia--Commentaries on Biblical/ExtraBiblical books. Fortress.
• [HFJ] The Historical Figure of Jesus, E.P. Sanders, Penguin: 1993.
• [HG] The History of Gnosticism, Giovanni Filoramo, Blackwell: 1990.
• [HI:100K] '100,000 Years of Daily Life - A Visual History. Jacques Brosse, Paul Chaland and Jacques Ostier. GoldenPress:1961.
• [HI:2000] Two Thousand Years Ago: The World at the Time of Jesus. Charles Frazee. Eerdmans:2002.
• [HI:2PIH] Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism. Alan Segal. Brill:2002.
• [HI:2Strange] Two Strange Beasts: Leviathan and Behemoth in Second Temple and Early Rabbinic Judaism. K Willaim Whitney. Eisenbrauns:2006.
• [HI:50JM] 50 Jewish Messiahs. Jerry Rainbow. Gefen:2002.
• [HI:AAA] Africa and Africans in Antiquity. Edwin Yamauchi (ed). MichiganState:2001.
• [HI:AAAT] Ancient Archives and Archival Traditions--Concepts of Record-Keeping in the Ancient World. Maria Brosius (ed). OUP:2003.
• [HI:AACD] Ancient Astronomy and Celestrial Divination. N.M. Swerdlow (ed). MIT:1999.
• [HI:AACSC] After the Apostles: Christianity in the Second Century. Walter Wagner, Fortress:1994.
• [HI:AAH] An Akkadian Handbook. Douglas Miller and R Mark Shipp. Eisenbrauns:1996.
• [HI:AB] Africa and the Bible. Edwin Yamauchi. Baker:2004.
• [HI:ABI] Archaeology: A Brief Introduction, Brian Fagan, Longman:1997 (6th ed).
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• [HI:CAIT] Canaanite in The Amarna Tables: A Linguistic Analysis of the Mixed Dialect used by Scribes from Canaan (4 vols). Anson F. Rainey. Brill:1996.
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• [HI:CFEC] Community Formation in the Early Church and in the Church Today. Richard Longenecker (ed). Hendrickson:2002.
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• [HI:CityAI] The City in Ancient Israel, Volkmar Fritz, Sheffield Academic:1995.
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• [HI:CM3] Classical Myth (3rd ed). Barry Powell. PrenticeHall:2001.
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• [HI:CMTCOB] Classic Midrash: Tannaitic Commentaries on the Bible. Reuven Hammer (trans/ed). Paulist:1995.
• [HI:CMW] The Creation of Man and Women: Interpretations of the Biblical Narratives in Jewish and Christian Traditions. Gerard Luttikhuizen (ed). Brill:2000.
• [HI:CMY6] Classical Mythology (6th ed), Mark Morford and Robert Lenardon. Longman:1999.
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• [HI:COH] The Curse of Ham: Race and Slavery in Early Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. David Goldenberg. Princeton:2003.
• [HI:Comet44] The Comet of 44 B.C. and Caesar's Funeral Games, John T. Ramsey and A. Lewis Licht, Scholars:1997.
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• [HI:CP48C] Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries, Ramsay MacMullen. Yale:1997.
• [HI:CSLman] Comparative Semitic Linguistics--A Manual. Patrick Bennett. Eisenbrauns:1998.
• [HI:CTBSAW] Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World. John G. Gager. Oxford:1992.
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• [HI:DictNTB] Dictionary of New Testament Background. Craig Evans and Stanley Porter (eds). IVP:2000. [Fourth in the Dictionary series]
• [HI:DID] The Didache: A Commentary, Kurt Niederwimmer (Linda Maloney, trans.), Fortress:1998.
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• [HI:ECGLL2] Early Christian Greek and Latin Literature--A Literary History: Volume Two, From the Council of Nicea to the Beginning of the Medieval Period. Claudio Moreschini and Enrico Norelli. Hendrickson:2005.
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• [HI:ECM2] Early Christian Mission, Volume 2: Paul and the Early Church. Eckhard Schnabel. IVP:2004.
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• [HI:EIE] Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia. Stephen Oppenheimer. Phoenix:1998.
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• [HI:FAMRE] Fairs and Markets in the Roman Empire: Economic and Social Aspects of Periodic Trade in a Pre-Industrial Society. L de Ligt. Gieben(Amsterdam):1993.
• [HI:FARNP] The Family in Ancient Rome: New Perspectives. Beryl Rawson (ed). Cornell:1986.
• [HI:FCC] The First Christian Centuries--Perspectives on the Early Church. Paul McKechnie. IVP:2001.
• [HI:FCCDWS] Forgers and Critics: Creativity and Duplicity in Western Scholarship. Anthony Grafton. Princeton:1990.
• [HI:FD] The Fate of the Dead: Studies in the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses. Richard Baukham. Brill:1998.
• [HI:FDM] The Forgotten Desert Mothers. Laura Swan. Paulist:2001.
• [HI:FFANE] Flight and Freedom in the Ancient Near East. Daniel Snell. Brill:2001.
• [HI:FFHPGR] The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times. Adrienne Mayor. Princeton:2000.
• [HI:FG] The Faces of the Goddess. Lotte Motz. Oxford:1997.
• [HI:FH] The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds, Alan E. Bernstein, Cornell:1993.
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• [HI:FHJA2] Fragments from Hellenistic Jewish Authors, Volume 2 Poets. Carl Holladay. Scholars:1989.
• [HI:FHJA3] Fragments from Hellenistic Jewish Authors (vol3): Aristobulus. Carl Holladay. SBL:1995.
• [HI:FHJA4] Fragments from Hellenistic Jewish Authors (vol4): Orphica. Carl Holladay. SBL:1996.
• [HI:FIB] Family in the Bible: Exploring Customs, Culture, and Context. Richard Hess and M Daniel Carroll R (eds). Baker:2003.
• [HI:FJAA] Flavius Josephus, Translation and Commentary, Volume 10--Against Apion. Steve Mason (ed) and John MG Barclay (trans/comm). Brill:2007.
• [HI:FJSME] The Flourishing of Jewish Sects in the Maccabean Era: An Interpretation. Albert Baumgarten. Brill:1997.
• [HI:FJTC3] Flavius Josephus: Translation and Commentary (vol 3). Louis Feldman (trans and comm.) and Steve Mason (ed). Brill:2000.
• [HI:FJTC5] Flavius Josephus: Translation and Commentary (vol 5). Christopher Begg and Paul Spilsbury, Steve Mason (ed). Brill:2005.
• [HI:FJTC9] Flavius Josephus: Translation and Commentary (vol 9), Louis Feldman (trans and comm.) and Steve Mason (ed). Brill:2001.
• [HI:FMR] From Myth to Reason? Studies in the Development of Greek Thought. Richard Buxton (ed). Oxford:1999.
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• [HI:GCGM] A Geneaological Chart of Greek Mythology. Harold Newman and Jon Newman. UNorthCarolina:2003.
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• [HI:GLAA] Greek Literature--An Anthology, Michael Grant, Penguin:1990.
• [HI:GLAJJ] Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism (3vols), Menahem Stern, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities:1980.
• [HI:GLGSLA] Guardians of Language: The Grammarian and Society in Late Antiquity. Robert Kaster. Ucalifornia:1988.
• [HI:GLLPT] Guardian of Letters: Literacy, Power, and the Transmitters of Early Christian Literature. Kim Haines-Eitzen. Oxford:2000.
• [HI:GMM] Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and Influence in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod. Charles Penglase. Routledge:1994.
• [HI:GN] The Gods of the Nations--Studies in Ancient Near Eastern National Theology. Daniel Block. Baker:2000 (2nd ed)
• [HI:GRM] Greek and Roman Maps, O.A. W. Dilke, JohnsHopkins:1985.
• [HI:GRN] Greek and Roman Necromancy. Daniel Ogden. Princeton:2001.
• [HI:GUGOAR] Growing Up and Growing Old in Ancient Rome: A life course approach. Mary Harlow and Ray Laurence. Routledge:2002.
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• [HI:HAF] Historia and Fabula: Myths and Legends in Historical Thought from Antiquity to the Modern Age. Peter G. Bietenholz. Brill:1994.
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• [HI:HAW] The Horse in the Ancient World. Ann Hyland. Sutton:2003.
• [HI:HBB] Homer, the Bible, and Beyond: Literary and Religious Canons in the Ancient World. Margalit Finkelberg and Guy Stroumsa (eds). Brill:2003.
• [HI:HBC] Handbook of Biblical Chronology, Jack Finegan, Hendrickson:1998 (Rev.ed.)
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• [HI:HCA] A History of Christianity in Asia: Volume I, Beginnings to 1500, Samuel Hugh Moffett, Orbis:1998 (2nd rev).
• [HI:HCA2] A History of Christianty in Asia: Volume 2, 1500-1900. Samuel Moffett. Orbis:2005.
• [HI:HCRC] Health Care and the Rise of Christianity. Hector Avalos. Hendrickson:1999.
• [HI:HCW] Historiography in the Cuneiform World. Abusch, Beaulieu, Huehnergard, Machinist, Steinkeller (eds). CDL:2001.
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• [HI:HF] Hidden Futures: Death and Immortality in Ancient Egypt, Anatolia, the Classical, Biblical and Arabic-Islamic World. J. M. Bremer, Th. P. J. van den Hout, R. Peters (eds.). Amsterdam UP:1994.
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• [HI:HHL] A History of the Hebrew Language, Angel Saenz-Badillos (trans. by John Elwolde), Cambridge:1993.
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• [HI:HHRVEC] Hellenists and Hebrews: Reappraising Division within the Earliest Church. Craig C. Hill. Fortress:1992.
• [HI:HIHL] Hellenism in the Holy Land. John Collins and Gregory Sterling (eds). NotreDame:2001.
• [HI:HIMink] Historical Understanding. Louis O. Mink. Cornell:1987.
• [HI:HJAELC] The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ. Gary R. Habermas. College Press:1996. (Good discussion on the modern theories of mythicism, the new gnosticism, Jesus Seminar, etc.)
• [HI:HLAG] Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, Lesley Adkins and Roy Adkins, Facts on File:1997.
• [HI:HLAR] Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome, Lesley Adkins and Roy Adkins, FactsOnFile:1994.
• [HI:HLL] Hippocratic Lives and Legends. Jody Rubin Pinault. Brill:1992.
• [HI:HLWC] The History of the Library in Western Civilization--From Minos to Cleopatra. K. Staikos. Oak Knoll Press:2004.
• [HI:HOED] How on Earth Did Jesus Become God? Historical Questions about the Earliest Devotion to Jesus. Larry Hurtado. Eerdmans:2005.
• [HI:HOJA] A History of the Jews of Arabia--From Ancient Times to Their Eclipse Under Islam. Gordon Darnell Newby. UnivSCarolinaPress:1988.
• [HI:HOP] The History of Punishment. Lewis Lyons. LyonsPress:2003.
• [HI:HOS] History of the Samaritans. Nathan Schur. Peter Lang:1992 (rev.ed).
• [HI:HP] The History of Punishment. Lewis Lyons. LyonsPress:2003.
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• [HI:HRC] Hellenic Religion and Christianization c. 370-529 (2 vols). Frank Trombley. Brill:2001 (2nd ed).
• [HI:HRER] Heavenly Realms and Earthly Realities in Late Antiquity Religions. Ra'anan Boustan and Annette Yoshiko Reed (eds). CambridgeUP:2004.
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• [HI:HTG] Honor Thy Gods: Popular Religion in Greek Tragedy. Jon D. Mikalson. UNC/Chapel Hill:1991.
• [HI:HTNNAR] Homer the Theologian: Neoplatonist Allegorical Reading and the Growth of the Epic Tradition. Robert Lamberton. Ucalifornia:1986.
• [HI:HTRB] How to Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now. James Kugel. FreePress:2007.
• [HI:HWST] Holy Writings, Sacred Test: The Canon in Early Christianity. John Barton. Westminster John Knox:1997.
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• [HI:IAW] Isis in the Ancient World, R. E. Witt, JohnsHopkins:1971.
• [HI:IF] Interpretations of the Flood. Martinez and Luttikhuizen (eds). Brill:1999.
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• [HI:IGSM1] The Influence of the Gospel of Saint Matthew on Christian Literature before Saint Irenaeus: Book 1 - The First Ecclesiastical Writers. Edouard Massaux with Norman Belval and Suzanne Hecht (trans). MercerUP:1990.
• [HI:IGSM2] The Influence of the Gospel of Saint Matthew on Christian Literature before Saint Irenaeus: Book 2 - The Later Christian Writings. Edouard Massaux with Norman Belval and Suzanne Hecht (trans). MercerUP:1990.
• [HI:IGSM3] The Influence of the Gospel of Saint Matthew on Christian Literature before Saint Irenaeus: Book 3 - The Apologists and the Didache. Edouard Massaux with Norman Belval and Suzanne Hecht (trans). MercerUP:1993.
• [HI:IHSJL] An Introduction to the History and Sources of Jewish Law. N.S. Hecht, B.S. Jackson, S. M. Passamaneck, D. Piatello, and A.M. Rabello (eds). Oxford:1996.
• [HI:IIBP] Israel in the Biblical Period: Institutions, Festivals, Ceremonies, Rituals. J Alberto Soggin. T&TClark: 2000.
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• [HI:IJS] Imperialism and Jewish Society, 200 bce to 640 ce. Seth Schwartz. Princeton:2001.
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• [HI:IPAJ] Interpreting the Past: Ancient Jewelry. Jack Ogden. BritishMuseum:1992.
• [HI:IRCA] The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity. Benjamin Isaac. Princeton:2004.
• [HI:IRL] Introduction to Rabbinic Literature. Jacob Neusner. ABRL/Doubleday:1994.
• [HI:ISAA] Ideas of Slavery from Aristotle to Augustine, Peter Garnsey, CambridgeUpress:1996.
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• [HI:ISGM] In Search of God the Mother: The Cult of Anatolian Cybele. Lynn Roller. Ucalifornia:1999.
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• [HI:ITM2] Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash, H.L. Strack and Gunter Stemberger, Fortress:1992.
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• [HI:Jb4J] Judaism before Jesus: The Events and Ideas that Shaped the New Testament World. Anthony Tomasino. IVP:2003.
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• [HI:JJX] Just James: The Brother of Jesus in History and Tradition. John Painter. Fortress:1997.
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• [HI:JMA] Jewish Marriage in Antiquity. Michael L Satlow. Princeton:2001.
• [HI:JNAW] The Jewish Novel in the Ancient World. Lawrence M Wills. Cornell:1995.
• [HI:JONT] Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence. Robert E. Van Voorst. Eerdmans:2000. (Very balanced treatment.)
• [HI:JP] Jesus the Pharisee. Harvey Falk. Wipf and Stock/Paulist:1985.
• [HI:JPCA] The Jewish People in Classical Antiquity from Alexander to Bar Kochba, John H. Hayes and Sara R. Mandell, WJK:1998.
• [HI:JPFC] The Jewish People in the First Century: Historical Geography, Political History, Social, Cultural and Religious Life and Institutions. S. Safai and M. Stern (eds.). Fortress:1974.
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• [HI:JRCM] The Jewish Roots of Christological Monotheism. Newman, Davila, and Lewis (eds). Brill:1999.
• [HI:JRJ] Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in the Early Church. Richard Bauckham. T&TClark:1990.
• [HI:JSGRP12] Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period: Summary and Conclusions, volume 12. Erwin R. Goodenough. Pantheon:1965.
• [HI:JSS53] Jesus and the Suffering Servant: Isaiah 53 and Christian Origins, William Bellinger, Jr', and William Farmer (eds), Trinity Press:1998.
• [HI:JSZ] John, the Son of Zebedee: The Life of a Legend. R. Alan Culpepper. Fortress:1994/2000,
• [HI:JTANS] The Jewish Temple: A Non-biblical Sourcebook, C.T.R. Hayward, Routledge:1996.
• [HI:JTOT] Jesus the Only Teacher: Didactic Authority and Transmission in Ancient Israel, Ancient Judaism, and the Matthean Community, Samel Byrskog, Almqvist & Wiksell Intl (Stockholm): 1994.
• [HI:JURR] The Jews under Roman Rule, From Pompey to Diocletian: A Study in Political Relations. E. Mary Smallwood. Brill:2001.
• [HI:JWSTP] Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period: Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Qumran Sectarian Writings, Philo, Josephus. Michael E. Stone (ed.), Fortress:1984.
• [HI:KDAW] Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World. Christopher Jones. Harvard/Cambridge:1999.
• [HI:KMIANE] King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East. John Day (ed). JSOT/Sheffield:1998.
• [HI:KTABT] The Karaite Tradition of Arabic Bible Translation. Meira Polliack. Brill:1997.
• [HI:KTGA] Key to A Grammar of Akkadian (Second Ed). John Huehnergard. Eisenbrauns:2005.
• [HI:LAB] The Limits of Ancient Biography. Brian McGing and Judith Mossman (eds). ClassicalPressOfWales:2006.
• [HI:LAD] Life after Death: A History of the Afterlife in Western Religion. Alan Segal. Doubleday:2004.
• [HI:LADIEJ] Life after Death in Early Judaism: The Evidence of Josephus. CD Elledge. MohrSiebeck:2006.
• [HI:LAE] Light from the Ancient East. Adolf Deissman. Hendrickson:1927. (old work, still constantly cited).
• [HI:LANE] Labor in the Ancient Near East. Marvin Powell (ed). American Oriental Society:1987.
• [HI:LBI] Life in Biblical Israel. Philip King and Lawrence Stager. WJK:2001.
• [HI:LCANE] Life and Culture in the Ancient Near East. Averbeck, Chavalas, Weisberg (eds). CDL:2003.
• [HI:LCCAI] Labor, Crafts and Commerce in Ancient Israel. Moshe Aberbach, Magnes: 1994.
• [HI:LDSU] The Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur. Piotr Michalowski. Eisenbrauns:1989.
• [HI:LEAP] Land and Economy in Ancient Palestine, Jack Pastor, Routledge:1997
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• [HI:LFAW] Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World. Christopher Gill and T.P. Wiseman (eds). Utexas:1993.
• [HI:LG] The Living Goddesses. Marija Gimbutas, with Miriam Robbins Dexter. Ucal:1999.
• [HI:LGRW] Literature in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A New Perspective. Oliver Taplin (ed). Oxford:2000.
• [HI:LJC] Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Larry Hurtado. Eerdmans:2003.
• [HI:LKA] Legends of the Kings of Akkade--The Texts. Joan Goodnick Westenholz. Eisenbrauns:1997.
• [HI:LLAH] Latin Literature-A History, Gian Biagio Conte (trans. By JB Solodow), John Hopkins:1994 ed.
• [HI:LLAR] Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome. J.P.V.D. Balsdon. Phoenix:1969.
• [HI:LLR] Law and Life of Rome, 90 BC-AD 212. J. A. Crook. Cornell:1967.
• [HI:LM] The Lost Messiah: In Search of the Mystical Rabbi Sabbatai Sevi. John Freely. Overlook:2001.
• [HI:LON] The Libraries of the Neoplatonists. Cristina D'Anona (ed). Brill:2007.
• [HI:LPIAW] Literacy and Power in the Ancient World, Alan K. Bowman and Gref Woolf (eds.), Cambridge:1994.
• [HI:LRR] Literature and Religion at Rome: Cultures, Contexts, and Beliefs. Denis Feeney. Cambridge:1988.
• [HI:LTCT] Libraries, Translations, and 'Canonic' Texts: The Septuagint, Aquila and Ben Sira in the Jewish and Christian Traditions. Giuseppe Veltri. Brill:2006.
• [HI:LTF] Leaving the Fold: Apostates and Defectors in Antiquity. Stephen G Wilson. Fortress:2004.
• [HI:LWMAI] Letter-Writing Manuals and Instruction from Antiquity to the Present. Carol Poster and Linda C Mitchell (eds). USCarolina:2007.
• [HI:LXXACS] The Septuagint as Christian Scripture: Its Prehistory and the Problem of its Canon. Martin Hengel (Mark Biddle, trans). T&TClark:2002.
• [HI:LXXC] The Septuagint in Context: Introduction to the Greek Versions of the Bible, Natalio Fernandez Marcos, Brill:2000.
• [HI:M2N] The Mishnah: A New Translation. Jacob Neusner. Yale:1988.
• [HI:MAIAC] Mimesis and Intertextuality in Antiquity and Christianity. Dennis MacDonald (ed). TrinityPress:2001.
• [HI:MAintro] Mesopotamian Astrology: An Introduction to Babylonian and Assyrian Celestial Divination. Ulla Koch-Westenholz. UCopenhagen/Museum Tuscalanum Press: 1995.
• [HI:MATT25] The Least of My Brothers--Matthew 25:31-46 A History of Interpretation. Sherman Gray. SBL:1989.
• [HI:MB4H] Mesopotamia Before History. Petr Charvat. Routledge:2002.
• [HI:MB4J] The Messiah before Jesus: The Suffering Servant in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Israel Knohl. Ucal:2000.
• [HI:MC] Mission and Conversion: Proselytizing in the Religious History of the Roman Empire. Martin Goodman. Oxford:1994.
• [HI:MCAG] Morality and Custom in Ancient Greece. John Dillon. IndianaUP:2004.
• [HI:MCP1] The Mishnah in Contemporary Perspective (part One). Alan Avery-Peck and Jacob Neusner (eds). Brill:2002.
• [HI:MDAPS] Magic and Divination in Ancient Palestine and Syria. Ann Jeffers. Brill:1996.
• [HI:MFBW] Marriage and Family in the Biblical World. Ken Campbell (ed). IVP:2003.
• [HI:MGRA] Miracles in Greco-Roman Antiquity: A Sourcebook for the study of New Testament Miracle Stories, Wendy Cotter, Routledge:1999
• [HI:MGRP] Moses in Greco-Roman Paganism. John G Gager. SBL/Abingdon:1972/1989.
• [HI:MIAW] Magic in the Ancient World, Fritz Graf (Franklin Philip, trans.), Harvard:1997.
• [HI:Mikra] Mikra:Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity, Martin Jan Mulder (ed.), Fortress:1990.
• [HI:MJ] The Missing Jesus: Rabbinic Judaism and the New Testament. Chilton, Evans, Neusner (eds). Brill:2002.
• [HI:MJCA] Miracles in Jewish and Christian Antiquity. John Cavadini (ed). NotreDame:1999.
• [HI:MJPC] Memory in Jewish, Pagan and Christian Societies of the Graeco-Roman World. Doron Mendels. T&TClark:2004.
• [HI:MKN] The Madness of King Nebuchadnezzar: The Ancient Near Eastern Origins & Early History of Interpretation of Daniel 4. Matthais Herze. Brill:1999.
• [HI:MMRP] Markets and Marketing in Roman Palestine. Ben-Zion Rosenfeld and Joseph Menirav (Chava Cassel, trans.). Brill:2005.
• [HI:MND] Martyrdom and Noble Death: Selected Texts from Graeco-Roman, Jewish and Christian Antiquity. Jan Willem van Henten and Friedrich Avemarie. Routledge:2002.
• [HI:MOT] Memory in Oral Traditions: The Cognitive Psychology of Epic, Ballads, and Counting-out Rhymes. David C. Rubin. Oxford:1995.
• [HI:MPANEH] Myth and Politics in Ancient Near Eastern Historiography. Mario Liverani (with intro/ed by Zainab Bahrani and Marc Van De Mieroop). Cornell:2004.
• [HI:MPEC] Magic and Paganism in Early Christianity. Hans-Josef Klauck. T&T Clark:2000.
• [HI:MRE] Magic, Reason, and Experience: Studies on the Origins and Development of Greek Science. G.E.R.Lloyd. Cambridge(1979) and Hackett:1999.
• [HI:MRW] Magic in the Roman World: Pagans, Jews and Christians. Naomi Janowitz. Routledge:2001.
• [HI:MSFERG] Mishnah and the Social Formation of the Early Rabbinic Guild: A Socio-Rhetorical Approach. Jack N. Lightstone. Wilfred Laurier UP:2002
• [HI:MWG] Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Sourcebook. Daniel Ogden. OUP:2002.
• [HI:NAW] The Novel in the Ancient World. Gareth Schmeling (ed). Brill:2003 (Rev.ed).
• [HI:NEAR] Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader. Suzanne Richard (ed). EisenBrauns:2003.
• [HI:NJBC] The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. Raymond Brown, Joseph Fitzmyer, Roland Murphy. Prentice Hall:1990.
• [HI:NKTN] The Nations that Know Thee Not: Ancient Jewish Attitudes toward Other Religions. Robert Goldenberg. NYU:1998.
• [HI:NLSTJ] Nazirites in Late Second Temple Judaism. Stuart Chepey. Brill:2005.
• [HI:Nomad] Nomad: A Year in the Life of a Qashqa'i Tribesman in Iran. Lois Beck. Ucal:1991.
• [HI:NSG] News and Society in the Greek Polis, Sian Lewis, UNCPress;1996.
• [HI:NTECLGRC] The New Testament and Early Christian Literature in Greco-Roman Context: Studies in Honor of David E Aune. John Fotopoulos (ed). Brill:2006.
• [HI:NTM] New Testament Manuscripts: Their Texts and Their World. Thomas Klaus and Tobia Nicklas (eds). Brill:2006.
• [HI:OAGHL] Oxford Archaeological Guides: The Holy Land. Jerome Murphy-O'Connor. Oxford:1998 (4th ed)
• [HI:OCIW] The Oldest Cuisine in the World: Cooking in Mesopotamia. Jean Bottero, Teresa Fagan (trans). UChicago:2004.
• [HI:OEANE] The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. Eric M. Meyers (ed). Oxford:1007 (5 vols).
• [HI:OGOM] One God or Many? Concepts of Divinity in the Ancient World. Barbara Nevling Porter (ed). Casco Bay Assyriological Institute:2000.
• [HI:OHCC] Oxford History of the Christian Church: The Church in Ancient Society from Galilee to Gregory the Great. Henry Chadwick. OUP:2001.
• [HI:OLCA] Orality, Literacy, and Colonialism in Antiquity. Jonathan Draper (ed). SBL:2004.
• [HI:OMMU] The Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries. David Ulansey. Oxford:1989.
• [HI:ONT] The Old and New Testaments: Their Relationship and the "Intertestamental" Literature, James Charlesworth and Walter Weaver (eds.), Trinity Press;1993.
• [HI:OOHBANE] Out of Order: Homosexuality in the Bible and the Ancient Near East. Donald J. Wood. Baker:1998.
• [HI:ORT354] On Roman Time: The Codex-Calendar of 354 and the Rhythms of Urban Life in Late Antiquity. Michelle Renee Salzman. Ucalifornia:1990.
• [HI:OSS1] Of Scribes and Sages--Early Jewish Interpretation and Transmission of Scripture (vol 1): Ancient Versions and Traditions. Craig Evans (ed). T&TClark:2004.
• [HI:OSS2] Of Scribes and Sages--Early Jewish Interpretation and Transmission of Scripture (vol 2): Later Versions and Traditions. Craig Evans (ed). T&TClark:2004.
• [HI:OUT] On Unbelievable Tales: Translation, Introduction, and Commentary. Jacob Stern. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers:1996.
• [HI:OWC] Oxen, Women, or Citizens? Slaves in the System of the Mishnah. Paul Flesher. Scholars:1988.
• [HI:PAEJ] Portraits of Adam in Early Judaism. John R. Levison. Sheffield:1988.
• [HI:PAG] Peoples of an Almighty God: Competing Religions in the Ancient World. Jonathan Goldstein. Anchor/Doubleday:2002.
• [HI:PAP] Puns and Pundits: Word Play in the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near Eastern Literature. Scott Noegel (ed). CDL:2000.
• [HI:PAPY] Papyrus, Parkinson and Quirke, Utexas:1995.
• [HI:PCAW] Perfumes and Cosmetics in the Ancient World. Michal Dayagi-Mendels. IsraelMuseum:1993.
• [HI:PCJJB] Pharaoh's Counselors: Job, Jethro, and Balaam in Rabbinic and Patristic Tradition. Scholars:1983.
• [HI:PE] Passover and Easter: Origin and History to the Modern Times. Paul Bradshaw and Lawrence Hoffman (eds). NotreDame:1999.
• [HI:PEAPE] Pseudepigraphy and Ethical Argument in the Pastoral Epistles. Lewis R. Donelson. Mohr:1986.
• [HI:PEBI] The Pseudepigrapha and Early Biblical Interpretation, James Charlesworth and Craig Evans (eds.), Sheffield/JSOT:1993.
• [HI:PFLST] Prophetic Figures in Late Second Temple Jewish Palestine: The Evidence from Josephus, Rebecca Gray, Oxford:1993.
• [HI:PGPR] The Pagan God: Popular Religion in the Greco-Roman Near East, Javier Teixidor, Princeton:1977.
• [HI:PGRW] Paul in the Greco-Roman World—a Handbook. J Paul Sampley (ed). Trinity:2003.
• [HI:Phlegon] Phlegon of Tralles' Book of Marvels. William Hansen. Exeter:1996.
• [HI:PIGR] Prayer in Greek Religion. Simon Pulleyn. Oxford:1997.
• [HI:PLLRE] Poverty and Leadership in the Later Roman Empire, Peter Brown, Brandeis:2002.
• [HI:PLRAI] Place of the Law in the Religion of Ancient Israel. Moshe Weinfeld. Brill:2004.
• [HI:PMLA] Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity. Polymnia Athanassiadi and Michael Frede (eds.). Oxford:1999.
• [HI:PolyPaul] Polycarp and Paul: An Analysis of their Literary and Theological Relationship in Light of Polycarp's Use of Biblical and Extra-Biblical Literature. Kenneth Berding. Brill:2002.
• [HI:POP] The Provenance of the Pseudepigrapha: Jewish, Christian, or other? James Davila. Brill:2005.
• [HI:Porneia] Porneia: On Desire and the Body in Antiquity. Aline Rousselle. Blackwell:1983/88.
• [HI:PPAPLDSS] Pseudepigraphic Perspectives: The Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Esther G. Chazon and Michael E. Stone (eds.). Brill:1999.
• [HI:PPHI] Pontius Pilate in History and Interpretation. Helen Bond. Cambridge:1998.
• [HI:PPP] Power and Politics in Palestine: The Jews and the Governing of their Land 100 BC-70AD. James McLaren. JSOT:1991.
• [HI:PPS] The Past in Prehistoric Societies. Richard Bradley. Routledge:2002.
• [HI:PQ] The Paul Quest: The Renewed Search for the Jew of Tarsus, Ben Witherington III, IVP:1998.
• [HI:PRACA] Public Records and Archives in Classical Athens. James P. Sickinger. Univ of N.Carolina Press:1999.
• [HI:PRE] The Provinces of the Roman Empire, Theodor Mommsen, Barnes & Nobles:1996 (reprint of 1909 ed).
• [HI:PSBE] The Principles of Samaritan Bible Exegesis, S. Lowy, Brill:1977.
• [HI:PSYCH] Psychanodia I: A Survey of the Evidence Concerning the Ascension of the Soul and its Relevance. Ioan Petru Culianu. Brill:1983.
• [HI:PTRE] Paganism in the Roman Empire. Ramsay MacMullen. Yale:1981.
• [HI:PW] The Power and the Writing: The Early Scribes of Mesopotamia. Giuseppe Visicato. CDL:2000.
• [HI:QCM] The Quest for Context & Meaning: Studies in Biblical Intertextuality in Honor of James A. Sanders, Craig Evans and Shemaryahu Talmon (eds), Brill:1997.
• [HI:RA] Rabbinic Authority, Michael S. Berger, OxfordUP:1998.
• [HI:RACU] Ritual and Cult at Ugarit. Dennis Pardee. SBL:2002.
• [HI:RAG] Religions of the Ancient Greeks. Simon Price. Cambridge:1999.
• [HI:RBF] Recycling Biblical Figures. Athalya Brenner and Jan Willem van Henten (eds.). Deo (Leiden):1999.
• [HI:RC] Reconceptualizing Conversion: Patronage, Loyalty, and Conversion in the Religions of the Ancient Mediterranean. Zeba Crook. Walter de Gruyer:2004.
• [HI:RDGRW] Religious Diversity in the Graeco-Roman World--A survey of recent Scholarship. Dan Cohn-Sherbok and John Court (eds). Sheffield:2001.
• [HI:RE] The Renewal of Epic: Responses to Homer in the Argonautica of Apollonius. Virgina Knight. Brill:1995.
• [HI:REAII] Roman Epic: An Interpretive Introduction. Michael Von Albrecht. Brill:1999.
• [HI:RFCW] Readings from the First-Century World, Walter A. Elwell and Robert W. Yarbrough (eds.), Baker:1998.
• [HI:RGWE1] Rome, the Greek World, and the East (Vol 1): The Roman Republic and the Augustan Revolution. Fergus Millar (Hannah Cotton and Guy Rogers, eds).UNorthCarolina:2002.
• [HI:RGWE2] Rome, the Greek World, and the East (Vol 2): Government, Society, and Culture in the Roman Empire. Fergus Millar (Hannah Cotton and Guy Rogers, eds). UNorthCarolina:2004.
• [HI:RH] The Roman Historians. Ronald Mellor. Routledge:1999.
• [HI:RHM] Roman Historical Myths: The Regal Period in Augustan Literature. Matthew Fox. Oxford:1996.
• [HI:RIA] The Roman Imperial Army of the First and Second Centuries A.D. Graham Webster, U.Oklahoma: 1979 (3rd ed).
• [HI:RIA2] Representations in Archaeology. Jean-Claude Gardin and C.S. Peebles (eds). IndianaUP:1992.
• [HI:RIASV] Rape in Antiquity: Sexual Violence in the Greek and Roman Worlds. Deacy, Pierce, and Arafat (eds). Duckworth:2002.
• [HI:RIEL] Resurrection, Immortality, and Eternal Life in Intertestamental Judaism and Early Christianity (Expanded Edition). George Nickelsburg. Harvard:2006.
• [HI:RISM] Rabbinic Interpretation of Scripture in the Mishnah. Alexander Samely. Oxford:2002.
• [HI:RITC] Revolution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World, David Landes, Barnes & Nobles:1983.
• [HI:RL] Roman Letters: History from a Personal Point of View, Finley Hooper and matthew Schwarz. WayneState:1991.
• [HI:RLAP] Religions of Late Antiquity in Practice. Richard Valantasis (ed). Priceton:2000.
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• [ME] The Medieval Experience:300-1400, by Jill Claster, NYU Press: 1982.
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• [MSECT] Miracle Stories of the Early Christian Tradition , Gerd Theissen, T&T Clark: 1983
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• [MTNT3] The Text of the New Testament--Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, Bruce Metzger, Oxford 1992 (3rd ed).
• [MWR] Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods, Jean Bottero, Univ of Chicago:1992.
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• [NIB] New Interpreters Bible (Abindgon, CD version 2002).
• [NICNT] : New International Commentary on the New Testament
• [NICOT] : New International Commentary on the Old Testament
• [NIDNTT] : New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Colin Brown, eds. Zond.
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• [NS:BX] Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. Bruce Bagemihl. St. Martins:1999.
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• [NS:ECA] Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology (4 vols), David Levinson and Melvin Ember (eds), HenryHolt:1996.
• [NS:EI] The Ecology of Insects: Concepts and Application. Martin Speight, Mark Hunter, and Allan Watt. Blackwell:1999.
• [NS:EN4D] Evolution in Four Dimensions: Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral, and Symbolic Variation in the History of Life. Eva Jabloka and Marion Lamb. BradfordMIT:2005.
• [NS:EOM] Evolutionary Origins of Morality: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives. Leonard Katz (ed). ImprintAcademic:2000.
• [NS:ESC] Evolution of the Social Contract. Brian Skyrms. CambridgeUP:1996.
• [NS:FC] Fractals and Chaos: Simplified for the Life Sciences. Larry Liebovitch. Oxford:1998.
• [NS:FITC] Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. Stewart Guthrie. OxfordUP:1993.
• [NS:GEMG] Genetic Entropy and the Mystery of the Genome. JC Sanford. IvanPress:2005.
• [NS:GGG] Genes, Genesis, and God: Values and their Origins in Natural and Human History, Holmes Rolston III, Cambridge:1999.
• [NS:GPL] Genes, People, and Languages. Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. North Point Press:2000.
• [NS:HEP] Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology. David M Buss (ed). JohnWiley:2005.
• [NS:HLCS] How the Leopard Changed His Spots: The Evolution of Complexity. Brian Goodwin. Scribner:1994.
• [NS:Hole] The Hole in the Universe: How Scientists Peered over the Edge of Emptiness and Found Everything. K.C. Cole. Harcourt:2001.
• [NS:IBWI] In the Beginning was Information. Werner Gitt. Christliche Literatur-Verbreitung e.V.:1997. (information science approach to the origin of life)
• [NS:IGWT] In Gods We Trust: The Evolutionary Landscape of Religion. Scott Atran. OxfordUP:2002.
• [NS:IMM] In the Minds of Men: Darwin and the New World Order. Ian T. Taylor. TFE Publishing: 1991, Toronto (3rd ed.)
• [NS:IOE] Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth? Jonathan Wells. Regnery:2000.
• [NS:IRH] Induced Responses to Herbivory. Richard Karban and Ian T. Baldwin. UChicagoPress:1997.
• [NS:LOG] The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief. Francis Collins. FreePress:2006.
• [NS:LS] Life's Solution--Inevitable Humans in a Lonely Universe. Simon Conway Morris. Cambridge:2003.
• [NS:MAG] Minds and Gods: The Cognitive Foundations of Religion. Todd Tremlin. OxfordUP:2006.
• [NS:MITECS] The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. Robert Wilson and Frank Keil (eds). MIT:1999.
• [NS:MOR] Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. Harvey Whitehouse:Altamira:2004.
• [NS:NBC] Not by Chance!--Shattering the Modern Theory of